u̯er-5 (*su̯er-)

    u̯er-5 (*su̯er-)

    English meaning: to close, cover; to guard, save

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “verschließen, bedecken; schũtzen, retten, abwehren”

    Material: A. With Präfixen: ‘shut” and “öffnen”; “door”; u̯ortom “gate”. O.Ind. api-vr̥ṇóti “verschließt, bedeckt”, apa-vr̥ṇoti “öffnet”; also Lat. operiō “bedecke”, aperiō “öffne” (from *op(i)- and *ap(o)-u̯eriō); Osc. veru “portam”, Umbr. verof-e “in portam”, Osc.vereias gen. sg. “Jungmännerbund” (originally “Torwache”, Vetter Gl. 29, 240); Lith. ùžveriu, -vérti ‘shut”, atvérti “öffnen” (from which previously without preverb veriù, vérti “öffnen”, and ‘shut”; O.C.S. (za)/vьrǫ, vrěti ‘shut”, Iter. ot-voriti “öffnen”;

    Derivatives: *u̯ortom in nom. pl. Lith. var̃tai, Ltv. vàrti “gate, door”, O.Pruss. warto “Haustũre”; O.C.S. vrata, Russ. voróta “gate, Tũre”; also to 3. u̯er- could belong O.C.S. verěja and za-vorъ “Hebebaum”, Russ. verejá “Torflũgel”, zavor “gesperrter passage “; perhaps here Lith. varūti “drive, push” (formal = Gmc. warjan, O.C.S. ot-voriti, compare also O.Ind. Kaus. vürá yati) as “das gate öffnen, um das Vieh from the hurdle hinauszutreiben”; in addition Russ. provórnyj “fast, rapid, hurried, agile”. B. u̯er-, u̯eru-, u̯rū- “verschließen, cover, shield, retten”; u̯er-to- “ paddock “, u̯er-tro “ protection”, u̯r̥-ti- “Einzäunung”. O.Ind. vr̥ṇṓti (also várati and Kaus. varáyati) “umschließt, wehrt”; Av. Akt. -vǝrǝnav-, Med. vǝrǝn- “cover, hũllen”; derivatives from a light basis: O.Ind. vr̥tá- participle perf. pass., vr̥ti- f. “Einzäunung” (Av. hąm-varǝtay- “Tapferkeit”), varman- n. “ protection “, vártra- n. ‘schutzdamm, Deich” (Osset. vart ‘shield” from Iran. *vr̥ϑra-, s. Bailey IRAS 1953, 110 f.), vr̥tra- n. “Abwehr, enmity(en), fiend(e)”, (Av. vǝrǝϑra- “Widerstand, Wehr, shield”), sg. GN Vr̥tra- (“the die Gewässer einschließt”?), varatrü- ‘strap”, várdhra-, vadhra- m. va(r)-dhrī ds., vara- m. “Einschließen”, also vala- (Av. vara- ds.), lengthened grade vüra- (Av. -vüra-) “Deckung, Wehr”; Av.varǝna- “Umhũllung, Bedeckung” (thereafter O.Ind. várṇa- “paint, color” probably from “Bedeckung”), varǝϑa- “Verteidigungswaffe, Wehr”, vürǝϑman- “Wehr, parapet” etc.; ue̯ rū-̆ besides in present vrṇ̥ ṓti in O.Ind. varū-tár- m. ‘schũtzer, Schirmer”, várū-tha- n. “ protection, shield, Heer, herd, swarm “, perhaps the GN Váruṇa- as “the binder” (as Withra above S. 710); here also O.Ind. uruṣyáti “befreit, erlost, rettet” as uru-ṣ-yáti, compare Hitt. u̯arressesta “protected”; about O.Ind. Váruṇa- s. Wackernagel-Debrunner II 2, S. 485 (to u̯ē̆r- “water”, above S. 80); Gk. perhaps εὐρώς, -ῶτος “ mildew, Moder”, if actually “Bedecker” (wäre *ἐ-Fρω-τ-, compare O.Ind. arṇō-vr̥t “die Fluten einschließend”); Fερῠ- in Hom. ἔρυσθαι “abwehren, retten, preserve, protect”, Impf. ἔρυ:-σο, -το, themat. geworden ἐρύ̄ετο, perf. εἴρῡμαι (*Fε-Fρῡμαι), Ion. εἰρύομαι (*ἐFερύομαι) “hold fest, preserve”, ἔρυμα “ protection, defense “, ἐρυμνός “geschũtzt, befestigt”, ἐρυσί-πτολις ‘stadtschũtzend”; Εὐρυσί-λαος, Εὐρύ-λαος under likewise (ἐ-Fρυ-); other ablaut grade Fρῡ- without Vokalvorschlag in Inf. Hom. ῥῦσθαι, Hom. Ion. ῥύ̆ομαι ‘schirme, errette; hold fest, hold back” (latter meaning, die also the k-Erweit. ἐρύ̄κω, ἐρῡκάνω, ἐρῡκανάω “hold ab, back”, pass. “zögere” innewohnt, from “ through einen Verschluß fernhalten, abwehren”), perf. εἴρῡμαι (*Fε-Fρῡμαι), ῥῦμα “ protection, defense “, ῥύ̄σιος ‘schũtzend, rettend”, ῥύ̄τωρ, ῥῡτήρ “Retter, liberator”, ῥῡσίπολις ‘stadtschũtzend”; lengthened grade ἠρίον “burial mound”; Alb. varr “grave” (*u̯ornü), vathë “ paddock “; O.Ir. ferenn (*u̯ereno-) “belt, girdle”, fertae (M.Ir. fert) “burial mound” (with Steinen verschlossen) = O.E. weorð (see under), O.Ir. feronn, ferann (*u̯erono-) “land, farmland” (probably “*umhegt”); M.Welsh gwerthyr “fortress” (*u̯ertro-; compare above O.Ind. vartra-); here probably O.Ir. Ériu, gen. Érenn, Welsh Iwerddon “Irland” as *epi-u̯eriō, gen. -i̯onos “hill, island” (compare O.H.G. werid) after Pokorny KZ. 47, 233, ZcP. 15, 197 ff.; Goth. warjan “wehren”, O.Ice. verja “wehren, hinder, verteidigen”, O.E. werian “ds., aufdämmen”, O.H.G. weren “verteidigen, shield “, O.S. werian “wehren, shield, hinder”, Gmc. -varii (“Verteidiger”, out of it “Einwohner”) in Chatuvarii, Bojuvarii , O.Ice. e.g. Rūmverjar “Römer”; Run. waru “the umschließende Steinkreis um ein grave” (see above Ir. fert) = O.Ice. vǫr f., nNor.vor m. “Reihe from Steinen”, also “hill or bank from Steinen or gravel “, O.Ice. ver n. “ dam, Fischwehr”, O.E. wer m. ds., M.H.G. wer n. ‘stauwehr”, O.H.G. werī “Wehr, protection”, O.E. mylen-waru, -wer “Mũhlenteich”, waru “ protection”; lengthened grade O.H.G. wuorī f. “ dam “, Swiss wuhr “Wehr”; O.Ice.vǫrn “Verteidigung, protection”, O.E. wearn “Widerstand, Verweigerung” (in M.H.G. warne, werne “Vorsicht, Fũrsorge, warning” is ein to *u̯er- “gewahren” gehöriges word eingeflossen), O.Ice. varna ‘sichenthalten, vorenthalten” = O.E. wearnian “warn”, refl. ‘sich enthalten”, O.H.G. warnōn ‘sich hũten, warn”, O.E. wiernan ‘sich enthalten, vorenthalten, chop, cut, reject”; O.E. waroð n. “bank, border, shore, beach, seaside”, O.H.G. werid “island, Halbinsel” (Ger. Werder), M.H.G. wert “Landrũcken between Sũmpfen, bank, border, shore”, M.L.G. werde(r) “eingedeichtes Land”; O.E. weorð, worð n. m. “ courtyard, household “ (*u̯er-to-, *u̯r̥-to-), O.S. wurth f. “gestampfter odergepflasterter Platz” (= O.Ind. vr̥ti-), M.L.G. wurt, wort, wurde, worde f. “erhöhter place, Hofstätte; garden, Feldstũck”, O.Ice. urð f. “heap from Felsblöcken”; compare Alb. vathë “ paddock, Hof um das Haus, hurdle, sheepfold “ (*u̯or-tü), tochar. В wärto, wart(t)o “garden, wood, forest”, Ir. fert “burial mound”; in the meaning also O.C.S. vora ‘saepimentum”.

    References: WP. I 280 ff., Frisk 568 f., 593 f., 643 f.;

    See also: in addition u̯erĝh-1.